From February 1964 to March Year 1965, there was a one-year ceasefire between the Kurdish revolution and the Iraqi government. There was neither war nor peace, until the end of March, specifically on April 1, Year 1965, fighting broke out again. Because the Iraqi government retreated from implementing the agreement between them, the Peshmerga forces withdrew from cities and towns to more stable positions, and dozens of officers and hundreds of soldiers, police, and civilians joined the ranks of the revolution.

After the government resumed its attacks on various areas of Kurdistan, the revolution leadership thought about carrying out an operation deep within the government's authority in Kirkuk. It consisted of hitting oil pipelines and railway lines in Zambur. Although the revolution leadership wanted to show the government that it would not only face the Iraqi Army on the battlefield, but it is capable of operating in the heart of the authority and important places and endangering its interests. There were two other reasons behind this operation:

First: Fragmenting military forces and forcing their leadership to deploy in vast areas that prevent them from gathering on the same front.

 Second: Threatening the government's economy by attacking oil facilities so that the government would allocate a large protection force for these facilities and keep them away from the battlefield.

On July 21, Year 1965, a group of Peshmerga led by Muhammad Darwish Nadir reached the Zambur oil pipeline and the railway line in Kirkuk. Shortly after, they mined and blew up all the oil pipelines, causing severe damage to the oil facilities. After the operation was successfully carried out and the Peshmerga forces withdrew, government forces attacked them, resulting in the martyrdom of one Peshmerga.

The Peshmerga epic and its repercussions caused chaos and a major threat to the government and its economic interests. Therefore, it was forced to take several steps, including withdrawing a large force consisting of two battalions and about 1000 agents (Jash) from the battlefield and allocating them to protect the oil facilities. It also thought about pushing the Peshmerga away from the borders of Kirkuk and the Erbil plain to the mountains, to protect the oil facilities from the danger of another such attack. In the autumn of Year 1965, the government launched a major attack on the Erbil plain in the villages of Bistana, Alinjagh, Qashqa, Khorkhor, Koya, Taqtaq, and Dikla. With the aim of withdrawing the Peshmerga forces from these areas and disrupting their movements and activities in the Erbil plain.

Sources:

1- Hawkar Karim Hama Sharif, Aylul Revolution, Salahaddin University Press, First Edition, Erbil, 2012.

2- Shawkat Mulla Ismail Hassan, Days in the History of the Aylul Revolution, First Edition, Erbil, 2007

3- Ari Karim, Several Living Pages in the Aylul Revolution, Khabat Press, Duhok 1999.

4- Masoud Barzani, Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement, Volume Three, Part One, Aylul Revolution 1961-1975, Ministry of Culture Press, Ed: First, Erbil, 2004.

5- Khurshid Shera, Struggle and Blood, Memoirs of the Years of Peshmerga Struggle, Third Edition, Erbil, 2015.