Lawyer Cercîs Fethula Şemas is known by the name (Cercîs Fethula Elmuhamî). He was born in 1920 in the city of Mosul. He was Chaldean by nationality and Catholic Christian by religion; he completed his primary, middle, and high school education in the city of Mosul. In 1939, he was admitted to the Law Department at the College of Law in Baghdad and received his bachelor's degree in 1943. He spent a long time working as a lawyer. In 1971, he went to the country of Lebanon and resided there. In 1975, after the defeat of the September Revolution, he migrated to the country of Iran. In August 1979, after the victory of the Iranian people's revolution and the deterioration of the situation in Iran, he requested political asylum from the country of Britain. In 1984, he went to the Kingdom of Sweden as a refugee and resided there. On July 23, 2006, he passed away in the city of Erbil and was laid to rest in the Ankawa cemetery on the border of Erbil province. He was proficient in the Syriac, Arabic, English, French, Kurdish, Swedish, and Persian languages.
Work History
In 1946, he joined the ranks of the Iraqi Independence Party (Hizb al Istiqlal al Iraqî). In 1946, he was one of the founders of the People's Party (Hizb al Şa'ab). He was the owner of the concession for the Arabic-language newspaper Al Rewafd. In 1947, he was the head of the Mosul branch of the People's Party (Hizb al Şa'ab). In 1948, he joined the ranks of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. On June 4, 1956, he became the owner of the concession for the Arabic-language newspaper Al Raed, which was printed in the city of Mosul and was closed by the military authorities on July 14, 1958. On May 7, 1959, he became the owner of the concession and editor-in-chief of the Arabic-language newspaper ـ Kurdish Al Heqîqe ـ Rastî, which was published in the city of Mosul and was closed by the Government of the Republic of Iraq on April 3, 1960, after 24 issues. In January 1959, he supported the list of teachers of the Iraqi Communist Party in the Iraqi Teachers' Union election in the city of Mosul.
In 1959, he had a role in organizing the peace supporters' demonstrations in the city of Mosul, which the Iraqi Communist Party carried out, and later he had a role in suppressing the coup (Darbeya) of Colonel Abdulwahab Shawaf (1916 - 1959) in the city of Mosul. In 1959, he was one of the editorial board members of the newspaper Xebat, the organ of the Kurdistan Democratic Party ـ of Iraq. In 1960, he worked as a lawyer in the province of Mosul. In 1961, with the start of the September Revolution, in cooperation with the engineer Shawkat, who was known as Shawkat Akreyî, he printed the newspaper Xebat, the organ of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, secretly in the city of Baghdad. In 1961, he was detained by the authorities of the Iraqi Government and they sent him to the Ramadi prison in western Iraq. In the same year, he was granted amnesty and was released. Later, he began printing the newspaper Xebat. On June 9, 1963, from the time he was an advisor to the negotiating delegation of the first people's congress (Koye Congress) with the Baghdad regime, he was detained and tortured by the militias (Al heres al qewmî) affiliated with the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party.
In 1968, he was on the editorial board of the magazine (Al kadir and al taxî). He was the second editor-in-chief of the Arabic-language newspaper (al taxî). In 1968, he joined the ranks of the Peshmerga forces of the September Revolution. In the years (1968 - 1969), he was a teacher of the course on the foundations of political science and modern history of Iraq at the first session of the Institute for Training Revolution Teachers. In the years (1968 - 1969), he was a teacher of the course on the affairs and situation of Iraq at the first session of the Kurdistan Democratic Party cadre training school in the village of Choman in the liberated areas of Erbil province. In 1969, he was a teacher of the political science course at the second session of the Kurdistan Democratic Party cadre training school in the village of Nawpirdan in the liberated areas of Erbil province. On June 12, 1970, by the order of Mustafa Barzani (1903 - 1979), he became a member of the Kurdistan Democratic Party delegation for a visit to the city of Najaf in western Iraq for the purpose of participating in the funeral of Grand Ayatollah Abdul Muhsin al-Hakim (1889 - 1970), the supreme religious authority of the Shiites of the world. On June 25, 1970, the Revolutionary Command Council of Iraq, with another order, revoked the order of the Mosul Military Court regarding him. On August 23, 1970, with an order from the Revolutionary Command Council of Iraq, the seizure of his movable and immovable assets was revoked.
In the year 1970, he was elected by the congress representatives as an alternate member of the central committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (Eighth Congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party). From July 1970 until November 1970, he was a teacher of the geography of Iraq course in the third session of the Kurdistan Democratic Party cadre training school in the city of Baghdad. In 1970, due to writing an article about the passing of Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918 - 1970) in the newspaper (Al-Ta'akhi), he was detained and tortured for seventy days by the officials of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in the (Qasr al-Nihaya) prison in the city of Baghdad. After going to Lebanon in 1973, he was detained for a time by the Lebanese Intelligence Agency. In the years (1973 - 1974), by the order of Masoud Barzani, he was a member of the committee for preparing and writing the federalism project for the Kurdistan Region. In 1974, he was one of the founders of the Kurdish Red Crescent. In 1974, he was a teacher of the curriculum and internal regulations course of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. He was also in the sixth session at the Kurdistan Democratic Party cadre training school. In the village of Zinu of Shekhi, affiliated with the Erbil Governorate, in the years (1974 - 1975), he was the editor-in-chief of the (Al-Kadir) magazine and the Xebat newspaper, the organ of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. On April 25, 1999, he returned to Kurdistan and was welcomed in the city of Erbil by lawyer Jawhar Namiq Salim (1946 - 2011), Speaker of the Kurdistan National Assembly. On Sunday, October 15, 2000, he was welcomed by Dr. Roj Nuri Siddiq, known as Dr. Roj Shaways, Speaker of the Kurdistan National Assembly. On April 3 to 5, 2001, he participated in the first academic congress regarding Kirkuk at the cultural hall of the city of Erbil and presented a paper.
His works:
1 - Azwa' 'ala al-Qadiyya al-Ashuriyya 1933.
2 - Al-Usul al-Tarikhiyya lil-Haraka al-'Ummaliyya al-'Alamiyya 1946.
3 - Isqat al-Hukm la Yakun Bahthan 1990.
4 - Mukhamarat al-Kuwait, al-Wajh wal-Khilaf 1991 (consists of two volumes).
5 - Jara'im al-Harb wa Murtakibuha fi al-Iraq wal-Kuwait 1992.
6 - Mabahith Ashuriyya Tarikh ma Ahmalahu al-Tarikh 1997.
7 - Ziyara lil-Madi al-Qarib 1998.
8 - Fatihat Intishar al-Masihiyya fi Mezopotamya. Four volumes.
9 - Kurdistan wa Alamut ـ (first edition 1986), (second edition 2012), translation.
10 - Hawl Jara'im al-Harb wa Jara'im Didd al-Salam wal-Ibadah al-'Unsuriya (second edition 2004).
11 - Mu'ahad al-Bashariya (first edition 1971), (third edition 2001), (fourth edition 2010), (fifth edition 2012), translation.
12 - Junub Kurdistan ـ (second edition 1999), (third edition 2001), (fourth edition 2012), translation.
13 - Jumhuriyat Mahabad ـ (first edition 1972), (second edition 2012), translation.
14 - Al-Iraq fi 'Ahd Qasim 2012, translation and consists of two volumes.
15 - Qiyam wa Suqut al-Rayikh al-Thalath 2012, translation and consists of two volumes.
16 - Nazarat fi al-Qawmiyya al-'Arabiyya 2012, consists of five volumes.
17 - Al-Siyar 2005, translation, consists of three volumes.
18 - Rijal wa Waqa'i' fi al-Mizan 2012.
19 - Mudhakkarat Binyamin Chellini 2012, translation.
20 - Mabahith 'ala Hamish Suriya al-Shaykh 'Ubaydullah al-Nahri ـ (first edition 2000), (second edition 2010), (third edition 2012), translation.
21 - Qadiyyat al-Kurd 2012, consists of two volumes, translated into Kurdish and published in 2009 under the title Kurdish Awakening: Political History 1900 - 1925.
22 - Hawl Jara'im al-Harb wa Jara'im Didd al-Salam wal-Ibadah al-'Unsuriya 2014.
23 - Tarikh al-Musiqa al-'Arabiyya, translation.
24 - Karmin Brusir 1954, translation.
25 - Tahlil al-Shakhs al-Ma'nawi al-Amin fi Muqarrarat Mahkamat Tamyiz al-Iraq.
26 - Rihlat ila Rijal Shuja'an fi Kurdistan, (second edition 1999), (third edition 2012), translation.
27 - Kayfa Tantaqi al-Sama' 1953, translation.
28 - Akhir Mahkum bil-Alamut, 1933, translation.
29 - Dhikrayat 'an Bayt Alamuti, 1953, translation.
30 - Qissat al-Mukhalifin 1958, translation.
31 - Al-Mawsil Am al-'Arabiyyin 1956.
32 - Tahlil al-Shakhs al-Ma'nawi al-Amin fi Muqarrarat Mahkumiyat al-Iraq 1957.
33 - Turath al-Islam ـ (first edition 1954), (second edition 2012), translation, consists of two volumes.
34 - Kurd wa Turk wa 'Arab ـ (first edition 1970), (second edition 2012), translation.
35 - Ma'ani Asma' al-Aswat fi Kitab al-Aghani lil-Isfahani 1958.
36 - Hay'at al-Mukhalifin 1953.
Sources:1 - Archive of the Encyclopedia Board of the Kurdistan Democratic Party.
2 - Avril Dan, Al-Iraq fi 'Ahd Qasim, translated and annotated by Jirjis Fathullah, Part One, (Erbil ـ Dar Aras for Printing and Publishing and Al-Jamal Publications 2012) page 2, 512.
3 - Avril Dan, Al-Iraq fi 'Ahd Qasim, translated and annotated by Jirjis Fathullah, Part Two, (Erbil ـ Dar Aras for Printing and Publishing and Al-Jamal Publications 2012) page 1, 463.
4 - Aydah min al-Hizb al-Dimuqrati al-Kurdistani fi al-Iraq, Al-Ta'akhi newspaper, issue 1344, Baghdad, Al-Times Press, Tuesday, May 29, 1973, page 4.
5 - Bira'iy al-Ra'is al-Barzani.. 'Aqd Mu'tamar Akadimi hawl Kirkuk, Gulan al-'Arabi magazine, Gulan Foundation for Culture and Media, issue 59, year five, Erbil, April 30, 2001, page 25.
6 - Bewar Nuredin, Kurd and Kurdistan: Bibliography and Index of Kurdish Books, Volume Two, Part Two, (Tehran ـ Tehran Press 2016) pages 302, 303.
7 - Plutarch, Al-Siyar, translated by Jirjis Fathullah, Part One, (Erbil - Aras Publications for Printing and Publishing - Ministry of Education Press 2005) page 656.
8 - Plutarch, The Lives, translated by Jirjis Fathullah, part two, (Erbil - Aras Publications for Printing and Publishing - Ministry of Education Press 2005), page 663, 1247.
9 - Plutarch, The Lives, translated by Jirjis Fathullah, part three, (Erbil - Aras Publications for Printing and Publishing - Ministry of Education Press 2005), page 1255 - 1928.
10 - Jabbar Jabari, History of the Kurdish Press in Iraq, (Baghdad - General Directorate of Kurdish Culture - Al-Alam Press 1975) - page 54.
11 - Lawyer Jirjis Fathullah, Iraq during the Qasim era and memories 1958 - 1988, part two, (Sweden - Nebez House for Printing and Publishing 1989), page - 666 - 668.
12 - Jirjis Fathullah, Men and Events in the Balance, (Beirut - Aras House for Printing and Publishing and Al-Jamal Publications 2012), page - page 9, 10, 19, 20, 101, 431.
13 - Jirjis Fathullah, Research on the margins of the Syria of Sheikh Ubaidullah al-Nehri, second edition, (Erbil - Aras House for Printing and Publishing 2010), page 199.
14 - Jirjis Fathullah, The Kuwait Adventure: The Face and the Controversy, part one, (Stockholm 1991), page 374.
15 - Jirjis Fathullah, Views on Arab Nationalism until 1970, part one, (Erbil - Aras House for Printing and Publishing and Al-Jamal Publications 2012), page 585.
16 - Jirjis Fathullah, The Kuwait Adventure: The Face and the Controversy, part two, (Stockholm 1991) - page - 375, 702.
17 - Jirjis Fathullah, Views on Arab Nationalism until 1970, part two, (Erbil - Aras House for Printing and Publishing and Al-Jamal Publications 2012), page - 597 - 1196.
18 - Jirjis Fathullah, Views on Arab Nationalism until 1970, part four, (Erbil - Aras House for Printing and Publishing and Al-Jamal Publications 2012) - page 1893 - 2300.
19 - Jirjis Fathullah, Views on Arab Nationalism until 1970, part five, (Erbil - Aras House for Printing and Publishing and Al-Jamal Publications 2012) - page 2390 - 2784.
20 - Jirjis Fathullah, The Kurdish Cause, (Erbil - Aras House for Printing and Publishing and Al-Jamal Publications 2012) - page 10 - 701.
21 - Jirjis Fathullah, Kurdish Awakening in Political History 1900 - 1925, translated by Hassan Jaf, first part, (Duhok - Mukriyani Research and Publishing Foundation - Khani Press 2009), page 9 - 10 - 344.
22 - Jirjis Fathullah, Kurdish Awakening in Political History 1900 - 1925, translated by Hassan Jaf, second part, (Duhok - Mukriyani Research and Publishing Foundation - Khani Press 2009), page 345 - 752.
23 - Jamal Nebez, Memoirs of those days that will never return, (Sulaymaniyah - Shivan Press 2017) page 371.
24 - Hussein Latif Al-Zubaidi, Encyclopedia of Iraqi Parties, (Beirut - Al-Arif Foundation for Publications 2007), page 481.
25 - Dana Adams Schmidt, Journey among Brave Men in Kurdistan, translated and annotated by Jirjis Fathullah, (Erbil - Aras House for Printing and Publishing and Al-Jamal Publications 2012), page 352.
26 - Dana Adams Schmidt, Journey among Brave Men in Kurdistan, translated and annotated by Jirjis Fathullah, second edition, (Erbil - Aras House for Printing and Publishing ـ Ministry of Education Press 1999) page 464.
27 - W. R. Wigram and Edgar T. A. Wigram, The Cradle of Mankind, translated by Jirjis Fathulla, (Erbil ـ Aras House for Printing and Publishing and Al-Jamal Publications 2012) page 446.
28 - W. R. Wigram and Edgar T. A. Wigram, The Cradle of Mankind: Life in Eastern Kurdistan, translated by the lawyer Jirjis Fathulla, (Baghdad ـ Eastern Publications, Arab International House for Publishing and Distribution ـ Al-Zaman Press 1971) page 371.
29 - W. R. Wigram and Edgar T. A. Wigram, The Cradle of Mankind: Life in Eastern Kurdistan, translated by Jirjis Fathulla, Arab Edition, (Erbil ـ Aras House for Printing and Publishing 2010), page 349.
30 - History of the Party's cadre cycles, from the mountains to the city, (Erbil ـ The Party's Center for Research, Evaluation and Academy ـ Rojhilat Printing House 2019) pages 19 - 22 - 26 - 32 - 34 - 45.
31 - Rizgar Nuri Shaways, The history of the struggle in Baghdad after its suspension, Xebat newspaper, the mouthpiece of the Kurdistan Democratic Party ـ The Unified, issue 922, Erbil, Friday 30 April 1999, page 8 - 9.
32 - Rennie Morris, Kurdistan or Death, translated and annotated by the lawyer Jirjis Fathulla, (London ـ Kurdology 1986), page 143.
33 - The President of the National Council for Iraqi Kurdistan receives Mr. Jirjis Fathulla, Xebat newspaper, the mouthpiece of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, issue 998, Erbil, Friday 20 October 2000, page 2.
34 - The Speaker of the Kurdistan Parliament welcomes the patriotic personality, the honorable Jirjis Fathulla, Birayati Newspaper, organ of the Kurdistan Democratic Party ـ Yekgirti, issue 2821, Erbil, Monday, 26 April 1999, page 1.
35 - Said Nakam, Memoirs of Said Nakam, (Erbil ـ Aras publications 2003) page 235.
36 - C. J. Edmonds, Kurds, Turks and Arabs, translated by Jirjis Fathulla, (Erbil ـ Aras House for Printing and Publishing and Al-Jamal Publications 2012) page 623.
37 - Mr. Barzani sends a delegation to participate in the funeral of the member held for the soul of the great deceased, the great scholar, Mr. Muhsin al-Hakim, Al-Taakhi newspaper, issue 461, Baghdad, Dar al-Jahiz Press, Saturday, 13 June 1970, page 5.
38 - Seyed Ali Mujani, Sulmaz Sediqi, The ...، Dictionary of figures and contemporary scholars of Iraq, (Tehran ـ Azam Publisher - 1392 Solar) page 303.
39 - Sir Thomas Arnold, The Preaching of Islam, translated and annotated by Jirjis Fathulla, Part One, (Erbil ـ Aras House for Printing and Publishing and Al-Jamal Publications 2012) page 360.
40 - Sir Thomas Arnold, The Preaching of Islam, translated and annotated by Jirjis Fathulla, Part Two, (Erbil ـ Aras House for Printing and Publishing and Al-Jamal Publications 2012) page 319.
41 - Shaban Seyed Mohammed, Me, the struggle and the waves of sorrow, (Duhok ـ College of Sharia Press 2000) page 42.
42 - Shiwan Hussein Shink Baleki, Jawhar Namiq Salim 1946 - 2011 life, works and political role, Soran University Faculty of Arts, Department of History 2016 (unpublished master's thesis) page 207.
43 - Sabah Mahdi Ramiz, Journalism of the Royal Era, (Beirut ـ Iraqi Center for the Book 2010) page 58.
44 - Tayeb al-Kishki, Selected documents from the September 1961 revolution, (Duhok ـ Duhok Governorate Press 2017) page 35.
45 - Adil Ghafoori Khalil, Parties and political organizations in Iraq 1946 - 1954, (Baghdad ـ The International Library - Al-Intisar Offset Press 1984) page 88.
46 - Abduljabbar Abdulmustafa, The experience of front work in Iraq between 1921 - 1958, (Baghdad ـ Dar al-Hurriya for Printing - 1978) page 129.
47 - Abdulhamid Darwish, Lights on the Kurdish movement in Syria, third edition, (Sulaymaniyah - Markrit Foundation and Jamal Irfan Foundation ـ Kemal printing house 2013), page 157.
48 - Abdalrezaq al Husni, History of the Iraqi Ministries, volume seven, seventh edition, (Baghdad ـ House of Cultural Affairs - 1988) page - 41.
49 - Abdalfetah Ali al Botani, Studies and research in the history of the Kurds and the fate of Iraq, (Erbil ـ Spirez House for printing and publishing ـ Haji Hashim printing house 2007), page 436.
50 - Abdalftah Ali al Botani, Pages from the Mosul memory "collection of articles, interviews and topics on the history of near Mosul", (Erbil ـ Kurdish Academy - Salahaddin University printing house, 2017), page 335.
51 - Abdalmecid Shawqi al Bakiri, The Mosul Epic in the Shiite Battles, (Mosul ـ Republican printing house 1923) page 26 - 75 - 76.
52 - Ferhad Haji, Encyclopedia and living dictionary of Kurdistan Cercis Fethula, Hezil magazine, number 9, summer 2008 - page 19 - 27.
53 - Faysal al Debax, Bibliographic survey of Kurdish newspapers and magazines, first part, Gulan al Arabi magazine, issue 11, Gulan Media Foundation, Erbil, Ministry of Culture printing house 25 April 1997 - page - 57.
54 - Revolutionary Command Council Decision number 714, Iraqi Gazette, Ministry of Culture and Information in Iraq, issue - 1896, twelfth year, Baghdad, Sunday, 5 July 1970 page 4.
55 - Revolutionary Command Council Decision number 958, Iraqi Gazette, Ministry of Information in Iraq, issue 1915, thirteenth year, Baghdad, Thursday, 3 September 1970 - page 2.
56 - Letif Nadir Rewandizi, The importance of the Kurdistan scientific institution in the great September national revolution, Gulan magazine, number 132 - Erbil, 2 August 1997 - page 46.
57 - Mam Celal, Where did Xebat come from and how was it the organ of the Party? and how was it managed? Xak magazine, number 55, fifth year, Sulaymaniyah, Diler offset printing house, 10 January 2002 and page 5.
58 - Mehmud Fehimi Derwesh and Mustafa Cewad and Ahmed Suse, Guide to the Iraqi Republic in the year 1960 - Baghdad ـ Ministry of Guidance ـ Tamdin printing house 1961 - page 448.
59 - Mihemed Eli Ismail, My memories seventy years of age and more than half a century of struggle, (no place 2019) page 56.
60 - Mesud al Barzani, Barzani and the Kurdish liberation movement, third volume, (Erbil ـ Ministry of Education printing house - 2002) - page 253 - 393.
61 - Mustafa Neriman, Dictionary of Kurdish writers and authors, (Baghdad ـ General Secretariat of Culture and Youth ـ Asad printing house 1986) page 32.
62 - Mela Faruq Shiwani, All Kurds, first volume, (Erbil ـ Cultural printing house 1997) page 66.
63 - Mehdi Mihemed Qadir, Political developments in Iraqi Kurdistan 1945 - 1958 - (Sulaymaniyah ـ Kurdistan Strategic Research Center 2005) - page 188.
64 - Mihvan Mihemed Husein, Britain's position on the Kurdish issue in Iraq 1975 - 1980 (No place ـ Zaxo Center for Kurdish Studies 2018) and page 324 - 325 - 343.
65 - Newzad Ali Ahmed, Journalism of the Kurdistan Democratic Party Outside the country, (Sulaymaniyah - Jin Foundation for Kurdish documentary and journalistic heritage 2010) - page 33.
66 - Henry Field, South Kurdistan anthropological study, translation Cercis Fethula, (Erbil ـ Aras House for printing and publishing and Jamal publications 2012) - page 422.
67 - Henry Field, South Kurdistan, translated into Arabic, Cercis Fethula, (Erbil ـ Aras House ـ Education printing house 2001) - page - 3 - 298.
68 - Interview: Azad Ebdulwahid, Dirweney Rojekani Ziwer Xetab, (Erbil ـ Rojhilat printing house - 2019) - page 57.
69 - William Aychiltin Al abin, Republic of Mahabad ـ 1946 Kurdish Republic, translation and commentary Cercis Fethula, (Erbil ـ Aras House for printing and publishing and Jamal publications 2012) - page 1 - 17 - 18 - 83 - 84 - 88 - 89 - 91 - 98 - 100 - 101 - 232.
70 - William Shirer, Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, translation Cercis Fethula, first volume, (Erbil ـ Aras House for printing and publishing and Jamal publications 2012), page - 1 - 830.
71 - William Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, translated by Jirjis Fathallah, part two, (Erbil — Aras House for Printing and Publishing and Al-Jamal Publications 2012), page - 837 - 1614.