Biography

Hassan Siwar was born in 1920 in the village of Lere, affiliated with the Shirwan Mazin sub-district in the Mergasor district of Erbil province. After the collapse of the first Barzan revolution, when Sheikh Ahmed Barzani and a large number of Barzani families took refuge in Northern Kurdistan, he also became a refugee in the Republic of Turkey on June 21, 1932, when he was only one year old. However, after the Turkish authorities handed Sheikh Ahmed Barzani over to the Iraqi government in 1933, his family, like all those families who had taken refuge in Northern Kurdistan with Sheikh Ahmed, returned to Southern Kurdistan. Before going to the Soviet Union, he was married, and his wife's name was Aish Mela Yahya Muhammad. He studied in the Soviet Union and received an institute diploma in the agriculture department. He passed away in 1980 in the Bahirka complex.

Struggle Record

In 1943, he joined the ranks of the Second Barzan Revolution and participated in the battles. On August 19, 1945, by order of the Iraqi military tribunal, all his movable and immovable property was confiscated.

After the collapse of the Second Barzan Revolution, on October 11, 1945, he headed to Eastern Kurdistan. On March 31, 1946, he was a Peshmerga in the Barzan force affiliated with the army of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad. On April 29 of the same year, he participated in the Battle of Qarawa in the Saqqez region. After the collapse of the Republic of Kurdistan, on March 19, 1947, he participated in the battles of Oshnavieh, Naghadeh, and the Battle of Mukriyan.

 He was among the Peshmerga who returned to the Shirwan and Mizuri region through (Khwakurk and the Barazgir plain) via the soil of Northern Kurdistan on April 19, 1947.

 After their return, General Mustafa Barzani held a meeting with his companions on May 6, 1947, in the village of Argosh and gave them the choice to stay or go to the Soviet Union. There, all his companions decided to continue and go to the Soviet Union. On May 23, 1947, he accompanied General Mustafa Barzani towards the Soviet Union and also participated in the battles of Agh Dash and Avajigh. From June 9, 1947, to June 11, 1947, he participated in the battles of the Qotur Valley and the Maku Bridge. On June 18, 1947, he crossed the Aras River, which is located on the border between Iran and the Soviet Union, towards the Soviet Union.

After arriving in the Soviet Union, on June 19, 1947, he and all his companions were placed in the city of Nakhchivan in the Republic of Azerbaijan for forty days in an open-air complex surrounded by barbed wire. They were guarded by a group of soldiers and were treated like prisoners of war in terms of food, clothing, and movement. Later, by the decision of the Soviet government, they were distributed among the regions of Aghdam, Lachin, Ayolakh, and Kalbajar in the Republic of Azerbaijan. On December 10, 1947, they were moved to a military camp on the Caspian Sea in Baku, the capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and on the 23rd of the same month, they were given military uniforms and, under the supervision of officers of the Republic of Azerbaijan, were given eight hours of military training daily. At the same time, for four hours a day, they were taught lessons in learning the Kurdish language by some of their companions who were literate.

After Jafar Bagirov's poor treatment of his companions, it was decided to move the military camp on August 29, 1948, from the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Charchuk complex near Tashkent, the capital of the Republic of Uzbekistan, where they continued their military training.

In March 1949, he and his companions were distributed in groups and squads by train to the collective villages of the Soviet Union, and they worked in the Kolkhoz fields (the lands that people rented from the government and later gave the government's share back).

After much effort and sending several letters by General Barzani to Stalin, a letter finally reached Stalin in which Barzani describes the hardships of his companions, and he immediately decides to form a committee to investigate the situation of Barzani's companions. Eventually, the committee's decision is that they should all be gathered in the city of Vrevitsk, so he went to the city of Vrevitsk in the Soviet Union in November 1951.

After the July 14, 1958 revolution in Iraq and the return of General Mustafa Barzani, on February 25, 1959, and according to both the third and seventh articles and paragraph (A) of the tenth article and the implementation of article (11) based on the amended Law No. 19 of 1959, he and his companions were granted a general amnesty.

In 1958, the Republic of Iraq was established under the presidency of Abdul Karim Qasim. On April 16, 1959, he and his companions returned to Kurdistan by the ship Gruzia through the port of Basra in the south of the Republic of Iraq. 

 He participated in the Aylul Revolution and participated in the battles of Pirs, Mili Mela, Goraz, and Kekle. He also participated in the Gulan Revolution.

Sources:

  1. Archive of the Kurdistan Democratic Party Encyclopedia Board

  2. Hamid Gardi, Summary of History, First Edition, (Erbil - Aras Publishing and Distribution House - Ministry of Education Press - 2004).
  3. Haydar Faruq Al-Samarrai, Dhiya Jafar and his political and economic role in Iraq, (London – Dar Al-Hikma - 2016).
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  10. In the memoirs of the martyr commander Haso Mirxan Zhazhoki, 62 Days with Barzani, The Barzanis' Journey to the Soviet Union, first edition (Erbil - Roshinbiri Printing House - 1997).
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