Muhammad Ado Khidir Dolamari, known as Toynar, was born in 1925 in the village of Zeda, Mergasor District, Erbil Governorate. After returning from the Soviet Union, he became an employee in the agricultural department of the city of Kirkuk. In 1975, after the collapse of the great Aylul Revolution, he became a refugee in Iran for the second time and resided for a while in the Rab'at Mashhad camp. In 1979, he returned with his family to the city of Urmia in Eastern Kurdistan. In 1996, he returned to Kurdistan, and on June 2, 1999, he passed away due to illness and was buried in Mergasor District.
Struggle RecordIn 1942, at the age of 17, because he was taking food to the fighters of Mustafa Barzani to Bradost Mountain, he was arrested by the then-government of Iraq along with several of his companions and was imprisoned in Mosul prison for more than 2 years. After his release, he joined the Second Barzan Revolution and participated in the Meydan Murik battle. On October 11, 1945, after the collapse of the Second Barzan Revolution, he crossed over to Eastern Kurdistan with Mustafa Barzani and his companions. After the establishment of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad, on March 31, 1946, he defended the Republic within the framework of the Barzan Force. He participated in several epics in Saqqez, Mal Qarni, Targawar, and Margawar. Also, in 1947, before the fall of the Republic of Kurdistan, he participated in the Hawras battle. Because of his bravery and heroism in that battle, Barzani called him by the name Toynar, and he has been known by that name since then.
After the fall of the Republic of Kurdistan and Barzani's return from Eastern Kurdistan to Southern Kurdistan, he participated in the defense battles of Eastern Kurdistan until he did not surrender on the Iran-Iraq border on April 19, 1947, and was with General Mustafa Barzani General Mustafa Barzani held a meeting with his companions in the village of Argosh on May 6, 1947, and gave them the choice to stay or go towards the Soviet Union. There, all the companions decided to continue and go towards the Soviet Union. On May 22, 1947, he accompanied General Mustafa Barzani towards the Soviet Union and participated in the Battle of Gali Qotur (Kotol) and the Battle of Maku Bridge. After much hardship and fatigue, on June 18, 1947, he crossed the Aras River, which is located on the border between Iran and the Soviet Union, into the Soviet Union.
After arriving in the Soviet Union, on June 19, 1947, he and all his companions were placed in an open-air compound surrounded by barbed wire in the city of Nakhchivan in the Republic of Azerbaijan for forty days. They were guarded by a group of soldiers and were treated like prisoners of war in terms of food, clothing, and movement. Later, by the decision of the Soviet government, they were distributed among the regions of Aghdam, Lachin, Ayulakh, and Kalbajar in the Republic of Azerbaijan. On December 10, 1947, they were moved to a military camp on the Caspian Sea in Baku, the capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and on the 23rd of the same month, they were given military uniforms and were trained for eight hours daily under the supervision of officers of the Republic of Azerbaijan. At the same time, for four hours a day, they were taught the Kurdish language by some of their companions who were literate.
After Jafar Bagirov's poor treatment of the companions, it was decided that the military camp of Barzani's companions would be moved from the Republic of Azerbaijan on August 29, 1948, to the Charchuk community near Tashkent, the capital of the Republic of Uzbekistan, where they continued their military training.
In March 1949, he and his companions were distributed by train in groups and squads among the collective villages of the Soviet Union and worked on the collective farms (kolkhozes) (lands that people rented from the government and later gave back the government's share).
After much effort and sending several letters by General Barzani to Stalin, a letter finally reached Stalin in which Barzani described the hardships of his companions, and he immediately decided to form a committee to investigate the situation of Barzani's companions. Finally, the committee's decision was that they should all be gathered in the city of Vrevitsk, so Muhammad Ado Khidir went to the city of Vrevitsk in the Soviet Union in November 1951.
In 1958, the Republic of Iraq was established under the presidency of Abdul Karim Qasim. On April 16, 1959, Muhammad Ado Khidir returned to Kurdistan with his companions via the Grozia ship through the port of Basra in the south of the Republic of Iraq.
In 1961, with the start of the great Aylul Revolution, he returned from Kirkuk to the Barzan region and participated in Aylul Revolution in Badinan. Together with the martyr commander Mirza Agha Rasho Mergasori, he participated in the battles of Zawita, Sari Akre, Pirs Mountain, and all the battles on the border of the Badinan region. From 1962 to 1973, he was with Hasso Mirxan Dolamari, the commander of the Sheikhan Force, and became a branch commander, and after a while, he received the rank of deputy commander of the Sheikhan Force. From 1973 to 1975, by Barzani's decision, he returned to Barzani's headquarters.
In 1980, he rejoined the Peshmerga Forces of the Gulan Revolution and returned to Kurdistan with commander Hasso Mirxan Dolamari to carry out partisan activities and participated in several battles against the Iraqi Army.
Sources:1- Interview with his wife, by Safar Zhazhoki, Soran District, September 2, 2021.
2- Archive of the Kurdistan Democratic Party Encyclopedia Board