Biography

Dr. Jaafar Muhammad, Known as Dr. Jaafar Faili, Jaafar Mam Karim and Dr. Jaafar Rahmani, was born in the year 1910 in the city of Kut, which is the center of Wasit Governorate. He is from the Faili Malekshahi tribe. Later, his family moved to the city of Baghdad and became a prominent merchant family in the city of Baghdad. In the year 1948, his father, Haji Muhammad Karim, was one of the founders of the Association of Faili Kurds in the city of Baghdad. He was the older brother of the lawyer Habib Muhammad Karim (1931 - 2013), who was the Secretary of the Kurdistan Democratic Party between the years (1964 - 1975).

In the year 1936, he received his bachelor's degree with first-class honors from the Baghdad College of Medicine and is considered the first Kurdish doctor to graduate from this university. In the year 1936, he served in the army of the Kingdom of Iraq with the rank of Second Lieutenant. His clinic was in the Kurdish neighborhood of Bab al-Sheikh in the city of Baghdad. In the year 1942, he had a medical clinic in the city of Erbil. In the year 1937, he served in the ranks of the army of the Kingdom of Iraq with the rank of Second Lieutenant.

In the sixties of the twentieth century, he received a specialization in psychiatry from the University of London. In the year 1970, he owned the first private psychiatric hospital in the Kingdom of Iran. He passed away on Tuesday, 1 of August 2000 in the city of Tehran and was buried in the Behesht-e Zahra cemetery near the city of Tehran. On 4 of August 2000, President Masoud Barzani sent a condolence letter to his family. On 4 of August 2000, a condolence letter was sent to his family by the Political Bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, and a funeral service was held by the Political Bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Party at the Rashad Mufti Mosque in the city of Erbil. He was proficient in the Kurdish, Arabic, Persian, and English languages.

Struggle History

 In the year 1939, he joined the ranks of the Hiwa Party of the Kurds. In the year 1941, as a doctor, he was exiled to the town of Sinjar, affiliated with Mosul Governorate, and is considered the first person to have spread national and Kurdish sentiment in this region.

In the year 1941, he supported the movement of Rashid Ali al-Gaylani (1892 - 1965) against the authorities of the United Kingdom, and after the defeat of this movement, he was imprisoned by the pro-British authorities of the Kingdom of Iraq. In the year 1942, in the company of the lawyer Awni Yusuf Ahmed (1908 - 1988), they founded the Mosul branch of the Hiwa Party of the Kurds. In the year 1942, he served with the rank of Medical Captain at the Zakho military center, affiliated with the former Mosul Governorate and today's Duhok. In the year 1942, along with the lawyer Awni Yusuf Ahmed and Hassan Taha Abdulaziz (1915 - 1999), Known as Hassan Katani, they were imprisoned by Mustafa Yaqubi, the Governor of Erbil. During the years (1942 - 1944), he was imprisoned for political activity and exiled to the city of Amarah in southern Iraq.

In the year 1943, he had direct contact with President Mustafa Barzani (1903 - 1979), the leader of the second Barzan revolution. In the year 1945, he was among the founders and leadership of the Rizgari Kurd Party. In the year 1945, he joined the ranks of the second Barzan revolution with the rank of Medical Captain. He remained in the service of the Republic until the fall of the Democratic Republic of Kurdistan and often returned to the city of Baghdad in secret. In the year 1946, he participated in the second congress of the Rizgari Kurd Party in the city of Baghdad and voted for its dissolution to pave the way for joining the Kurdistan Democratic Party.

 In the year 1946, at the first congress, he was elected by the congress representatives as a member of the Central Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. In the year 1946, in the first meeting of the Central Committee, he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau. In the year 1946, he took charge of the relations between the Kurdistan Democratic Party and Kamil Chadirchi, a member of the leadership of the National Democratic Party (Al-Hizb al-Watani al-Dimuqrati). On 4 of April 1947, he published an article defending the Barzanis in the Arabic-language newspaper (Sawt al-Ahali) printed in Baghdad.

In the year 1948, he supported from afar the representatives of the Kurdistan Democratic Party at the Lion's Congress of the General Union of Iraqi Students. In the year 1948, in the city of London, the capital of the United Kingdom, he contacted the Communist Party of the Soviet Union through the Communist Party of Great Britain with the aim of conveying the demands of the Kurds at that time. In the year 1948, like a large number of political activists in the Kingdom of Iraq of various origins and nationalities, his citizenship was revoked by the Hashemite authorities in the Kingdom of Iraq under the pretext of Iranian descent. Through his uncle, Muhammad Bashqa, who was a high-ranking official in the Ministry of Interior of the Kingdom of Iraq, he was able to reach the Kingdom of Iran and initially lived in secret for two years in the Ilam district, affiliated with Kermanshah Governorate in Eastern Kurdistan. At the end of the year 1949, in the confessions of Yehuda Ibrahim Siddiq, a member of the leadership of the Iraqi Communist Party, before the Criminal Investigation Directorate, his name was revealed as a member of the leadership of the Kurdistan Democratic Party.

In the year 1949, he managed the relations between the Kurdistan Democratic Party and the Tudeh Party of Iran. In the year 1950, he opened a medical clinic in the city of Ilam and served the people of the region, and later in the year 1952, he opened a clinic in the city of Tehran, the capital of the Kingdom of Iran, and resided there. In the year 1953, he was imprisoned in Tehran for three years in Qasr Prison in the city of Tehran on charges of participating in the Democratic Republic of Kurdistan. In the year 1951, the cliché of the Rizgari newspaper and sent the seal of the Political Bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Party from the city of Tehran back to the leadership of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, in the year 1953 he assisted the provisional leadership of the Second Congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party in writing and following up on the program and internal regulations of the Third Congress, in the year 1953 he supported Dr. Mohammad Mosaddegh (1882–1967) against Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1919–1980), and during the coup against Dr. Mohammad Mosaddegh, the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Iran, he was imprisoned and tortured by the authorities of the Kingdom of Iran.

In the year 1953 he was elected as a member of the Central Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party – Iraq (Third Congress) by the congress representatives without his presence, in the year 1956 he quit political work, in the year 1958 his Iraqi citizenship rights were restored by a republican decree from Brigadier General Abdul Karim Qasim (1914–1963), but he was hesitant to accept it back and did not trust the government of Iraq to return and remained in the city of Tehran, from the beginning he was a person who loved the poor and his clinic in the city of Baghdad and later in the city of Tehran was open to the poor, which is why he had written on the sign of his clinic "treating the poor patient is free", and in the Tehran clinic he constantly served the poor Kurds of Eastern Kurdistan.

In the year 1960 he visited the city of Baghdad for the purpose of visiting relatives and family and meeting with his comrades in the Kurdistan Democratic Party, after the coup of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in 8 of February 1963 and the pursuit of their opponents, he assisted the fugitives of the Iraqi Communist Party who had headed to the Kingdom of Iran.

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